Improvement in churns



/a/M; 57W,

N4 PETERS. PNDTO-LITHOGHAPHER. WASHINGTON. D. 0.

diritta A%tur y identi @da ;other.

l -G G' are square arms se`t in vertical lines on said4 lshaft C,' and radiating therefrom at right angles to .thearmsFF.

direction.

JOHN CRAM, or CHICAGO, ILLINOIS., AssIeNoH -ro HIMsELr AND JOHN s. CRAM, or SAME PLAGE. 'y A i Letters Patent No. 110,902, dated January 10, 1871.k

IMPROVEMENT-IN encens..l

The Schedule referred' `to in these Letters Patent and making parl: of the same.

General Description.

A is an ordinary cylindrical vessel, which I usu-V ally maheof wood, of a convenient size, and fitted 'with a cover, B, made with a rebate around the outer edge, soA that it shall it'closely over the churnvessel. p v Y O is vertical Vshaft, which has its lower bearing upon a pivot-point, c, indicated by dotted ,lines in figs. land 2, and situate at theceuterof the bottom of 4the churn vessel. v

The shaft C is provided with a shoulder at its upper part7 upon` which the cover B rests, said oo ver being made witlian aperture through which the up-4 per portion of the shaft projects.

' D D' are vanes or paddles carried by standards l E E', which vare supported from the shaft C by the arms F F. These vanes or paddles are placed at an incline, so that, upon revolving the shaft, the liquid contents ofthe churn will be, forced by said vanesin a current either up or down, as the said shaft maybe turned in one direction 0r the l These square arms are .also set cornerwise; or, in other words, so lthat in' revolving the shaft, the surface of said arms strike the,contents of the churn at an angle, each arm presenting at both sides an upper and a lower incline, whichtends to bring 'the particles of cream together as the contents of the 'churn is forced through between the arms by 'thernotion of the shaft.

The top of the shaft C isformcd with ateuon, a, extendingV thev `entire diameter H .isa lever or cranlr, having 'an -apertnre which its over the tenona, as shown. at Iig. 4.

The lever H is provided `with projections h, which t into cavities c in the shoulder at the top of shaft C,and serve to render'the attachment of the lever H more rigid and firm.

i K is a key or,v wedge, inserted in a -hole in the tenon a, for the purpose of holding the Alever H in place.

J J are strips attached-to the interior of the churn-vessel, and extend vertically from the bottom of the shaft in onel 4 lected.

to `a point near the top. The purpose of these strips is to prevent the milk in the churn from passing too freely around churn. p

In. practical use of my invention, I do not revolve the shaft C completely and continuously in one direction, but make a4 half revolution in one direction, and then a half revolution in the reverse direction, and continue this motion until the butter is formed, lesseniug it toward the last by lesseuing the arc of the revolution until the butter is properly collhe operation of my invention is as follows:

The milk isagitated by the vaues D D', which l tend to throw the particles of cream downward. The

` arius G G' also agitatc the milk and tend to'collect.

the particles of cream together. Y

4'lhe motion ofthe shaft at the half revolution is 1 reversed, and the tendency of vthe -vanes D D is now to throw the particles upward, while the arms G Gf act the same as before.

By the half revolution I obtain a larger amount of agitation, by reason of the currents thus formed, than I would obtain by a `complete revolution, and also the reverse action of the inclined vancs or paddies.

The cover B is held in place by the hooks b b,

-which engage the screws d d, which screws are pro-- vided with thumb-nuts fj, which may be tightened down upon the hooks b, and thus made to hold the cover iirmlyiu place. I

The cover is very conveniently and easily removed -by simply loosening the` nuts and casting oli the hooks b.

However, to entirely reiiove the cover, the lever H must be, removed, which is readily done by IirstA withdrawing the key K.

My invention forms altogether a most convenient" and effective churn, being very rapid in its collection of the butter and very thorough, and being, at4 the same time, very conveniently arranged, so that access may readily be had to the interior ofthe churn at any time. It is also exceedingly cheap V and durable.

Claims.

Having thus fully described my invention, What I claim, and desire to secure byLetters Pat'- ent, is-

1. The-inclined vanes or paddles D D', carried by standards E E', in .combination with the ,shaft O aud square arms G'G,lthe said arms Gr G' be-4 ing arranged to present a double incline surface, as described, substantially as specified and shown.

2. The ,crank or lever H, having projections h, in

combination with the shaft C, constructed as .specied'and shown.

Witnesses:

L'nw'rs L'. CoBUnN, J. -W. MUNDAY.

J OHN CRAM.

the sides in operating the 

